796 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
796 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
# 開發工作流程
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## 概述
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建立標準化的開發工作流程，確保團隊協作效率、代碼品質和專案進度控制。
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## 敏捷開發框架
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### Scrum工作模式
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- [ ] **Sprint週期**: 2週一個Sprint
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- [ ] **團隊組成**: Product Owner + Scrum Master + 開發團隊
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- [ ] **儀式會議**: 每日站會、Sprint計劃、檢討會、回顧會
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- [ ] **產出物**: Product Backlog、Sprint Backlog、增量產品
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- [ ] **透明度**: 燃盡圖、累積流量圖、速度追蹤
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### Sprint工作流程
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#### Sprint計劃會議 (每2週一次)
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```markdown
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## Sprint計劃會議議程 (4小時)
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### 第一部分: 什麼要做 (2小時)
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- [ ] 檢視Product Backlog優先級
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- [ ] 確認Sprint目標和成功標準
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- [ ] 選擇要完成的User Stories
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- [ ] 確認Definition of Done
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### 第二部分: 如何做 (2小時)
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- [ ] 將User Stories分解為具體任務
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- [ ] 估算任務時間和複雜度
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- [ ] 識別依賴關係和風險
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- [ ] 確認團隊容量和可用性
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### 產出物
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- Sprint Backlog
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- Sprint目標聲明
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- 風險和依賴關係清單
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```
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#### 每日站會 (15分鐘)
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```markdown
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## 每日站會格式
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每位團隊成員回答三個問題:
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1. **昨天完成了什麼?**
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- 完成的任務和達成的目標
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2. **今天計劃做什麼?**
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- 優先處理的任務和預期產出
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3. **遇到什麼障礙?**
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- 需要協助的技術問題
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- 依賴關係阻礙
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- 資源不足等問題
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## 會後處理
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- Scrum Master記錄和跟進障礙排除
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- 必要時安排專門討論會議
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- 更新燃盡圖和任務狀態
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```
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## 開發流程管理
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### 任務管理系統
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#### Jira/Linear工作流程
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```yaml
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# 故事狀態流程
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story_workflow:
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- backlog: "產品待辦清單"
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- ready: "準備開發 (需求明確、設計完成)"
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- in_progress: "開發中"
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- code_review: "代碼審查中"
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- qa_testing: "QA測試中"
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- staging: "Staging環境驗證"
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- done: "完成並部署到生產環境"
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# 任務優先級
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priority_levels:
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- critical: "Critical (系統故障、安全問題)"
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- high: "High (核心功能、用戶影響大)"
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- medium: "Medium (重要功能、效能優化)"
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- low: "Low (UI改進、技術債務)"
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```
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#### User Story撰寫標準
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```markdown
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## User Story模板
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**作為** [角色]
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**我希望** [功能/目標]
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**以便** [商業價值/原因]
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### 接受條件
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- [ ] 條件1: 明確的可測試條件
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- [ ] 條件2: 邊界條件和錯誤處理
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- [ ] 條件3: 效能或安全要求
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### 定義完成 (Definition of Done)
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- [ ] 功能按接受條件實現
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- [ ] 單元測試覆蓋率 >= 80%
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- [ ] 代碼審查通過
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- [ ] QA測試通過
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- [ ] 文檔更新完成
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### 技術任務
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- [ ] 任務1: API端點開發
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- [ ] 任務2: 前端UI實現
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- [ ] 任務3: 資料庫遷移
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- [ ] 任務4: 測試用例編寫
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### 估算
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- 故事點數: 5 (基於斐波納契數列: 1,2,3,5,8,13)
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- 預估小時數: 16-20小時
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```
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### 版本控制工作流程
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#### Git分支策略
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```mermaid
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graph LR
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A[main] --> B[develop]
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B --> C[feature/JIRA-123]
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B --> D[feature/JIRA-124]
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C --> B
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D --> B
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B --> E[release/v1.2.0]
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E --> A
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A --> F[hotfix/critical-bug]
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F --> A
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F --> B
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```
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#### 分支管理規則
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```bash
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# ✅ 分支命名規範
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main # 生產環境代碼，永遠可部署
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develop # 開發整合分支，最新開發進度
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feature/JIRA-123-user-login # 功能開發分支
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hotfix/fix-payment-issue # 緊急修復分支
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release/v1.2.0 # 發布準備分支
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# ✅ 功能開發流程
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# 1. 從develop創建feature分支
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git checkout develop
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git pull origin develop
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git checkout -b feature/JIRA-123-dialogue-analysis
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# 2. 開發過程中定期提交
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git add .
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git commit -m "feat(dialogue): implement scoring algorithm"
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# 3. 開發完成推送並創建PR
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git push origin feature/JIRA-123-dialogue-analysis
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# 在GitHub/GitLab創建Pull Request到develop
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# 4. Code Review通過後合併
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git checkout develop
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git pull origin develop
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git branch -d feature/JIRA-123-dialogue-analysis
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```
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### Code Review流程
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#### PR創建清單
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```markdown
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## Pull Request Template
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### 變更摘要
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簡短描述這個PR的主要變更和目的
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### 相關票證
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- 修復 #123
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- 關閉 JIRA-456
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### 變更類型
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- [ ] 🚀 新功能 (feature)
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- [ ] 🐛 Bug修復 (fix)
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- [ ] 📝 文檔更新 (docs)
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- [ ] 💄 UI/樣式變更 (style)
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- [ ] ♻️ 代碼重構 (refactor)
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- [ ] ⚡ 效能優化 (performance)
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- [ ] ✅ 測試相關 (test)
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- [ ] 🔧 建構/工具變更 (chore)
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### 測試
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- [ ] 已新增/更新單元測試
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- [ ] 已新增/更新整合測試
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- [ ] 手動測試已完成
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- [ ] 回歸測試已通過
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### 檢查清單
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- [ ] 代碼遵循團隊規範
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- [ ] 自我審查已完成
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- [ ] 相關文檔已更新
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- [ ] 不會破壞現有功能
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```
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#### Review要求和流程
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```yaml
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review_requirements:
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minimum_reviewers: 2
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required_reviewers:
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- tech_lead: "技術負責人 (必須)"
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- domain_expert: "相關領域專家 (建議)"
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review_criteria:
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- functionality: "功能正確性"
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- code_quality: "代碼品質和可讀性"
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- performance: "效能影響評估"
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- security: "安全性檢查"
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- testing: "測試覆蓋度"
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- documentation: "文檔完整性"
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approval_process:
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- all_required_approved: true
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- ci_checks_passed: true
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- conflicts_resolved: true
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- final_review_by_tech_lead: true
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```
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## 品質保證流程
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### 自動化測試管道
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#### CI/CD Pipeline
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```yaml
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# .github/workflows/ci.yml
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name: Continuous Integration
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on:
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push:
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branches: [ develop, main ]
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pull_request:
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branches: [ develop ]
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jobs:
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# 代碼品質檢查
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code-quality:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v3
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- uses: actions/setup-node@v3
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with:
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node-version: '18'
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cache: 'npm'
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- name: Install dependencies
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run: npm ci
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- name: Lint check
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run: npm run lint
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- name: Type check
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run: npm run type-check
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- name: Format check
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run: npm run format:check
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# 單元測試和覆蓋率
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unit-tests:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v3
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- uses: actions/setup-node@v3
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with:
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node-version: '18'
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cache: 'npm'
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- name: Install dependencies
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run: npm ci
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- name: Run unit tests
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run: npm run test:coverage
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- name: Upload coverage to Codecov
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uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
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# 整合測試
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integration-tests:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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services:
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postgres:
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image: postgres:15
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env:
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POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
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options: >-
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--health-cmd pg_isready
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--health-interval 10s
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--health-timeout 5s
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--health-retries 5
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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v3
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- name: Setup Node.js
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uses: actions/setup-node@v3
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with:
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node-version: '18'
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cache: 'npm'
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- name: Install dependencies
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run: npm ci
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- name: Run database migrations
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run: npm run db:migrate
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env:
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DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/test
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- name: Run integration tests
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run: npm run test:integration
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env:
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DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/test
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# 建構測試
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build-test:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v3
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- uses: actions/setup-node@v3
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with:
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node-version: '18'
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cache: 'npm'
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- name: Install dependencies
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run: npm ci
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- name: Build application
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run: npm run build
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- name: Test build artifacts
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run: |
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ls -la dist/
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node dist/server.js --version
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```
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### 部署流程
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#### Staging部署
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```yaml
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# 自動部署到Staging環境
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staging_deployment:
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trigger: "push到develop分支"
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steps:
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- code_quality_check: "代碼品質檢查通過"
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- automated_tests: "所有測試通過"
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- build_artifacts: "建構產物生成"
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- deploy_to_staging: "部署到Staging環境"
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- smoke_tests: "基本功能煙霧測試"
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- notification: "通知團隊部署完成"
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rollback_conditions:
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- smoke_tests_fail: "煙霧測試失敗"
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- health_check_fail: "健康檢查失敗"
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- error_rate_high: "錯誤率過高"
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```
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#### Production部署
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```yaml
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production_deployment:
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trigger: "手動觸發或release分支創建"
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approval_process:
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- qa_sign_off: "QA測試通過確認"
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- product_approval: "產品經理批准"
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- tech_lead_approval: "技術負責人批准"
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deployment_steps:
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- pre_deployment_checks: "部署前檢查"
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- database_migration: "資料庫遷移 (如需要)"
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- blue_green_deployment: "藍綠部署策略"
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- health_checks: "健康檢查和監控"
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- gradual_traffic_shift: "流量逐漸切換"
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- post_deployment_validation: "部署後驗證"
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rollback_strategy:
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- automatic_rollback_triggers: "自動回滾觸發條件"
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- manual_rollback_procedure: "手動回滾程序"
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- data_recovery_plan: "資料恢復計劃"
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```
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## 專案管理工具
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### 開發工具整合
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#### 必要工具清單
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```yaml
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project_management:
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- tool: "Jira / Linear"
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purpose: "需求管理、Sprint規劃、進度追蹤"
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- tool: "Confluence / Notion"
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purpose: "文檔管理、知識庫、會議記錄"
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- tool: "Slack / Microsoft Teams"
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purpose: "即時通訊、團隊協作、通知整合"
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version_control:
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- tool: "GitHub / GitLab"
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purpose: "代碼託管、Code Review、CI/CD"
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- tool: "Git"
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purpose: "版本控制、分支管理"
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development:
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- tool: "VS Code"
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purpose: "統一開發環境、擴展套件"
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- tool: "Docker"
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purpose: "容器化開發環境"
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- tool: "Postman"
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purpose: "API測試和文檔"
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monitoring:
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- tool: "Sentry"
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purpose: "錯誤監控和追蹤"
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- tool: "DataDog / New Relic"
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purpose: "效能監控和分析"
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- tool: "LogRocket"
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purpose: "前端用戶行為分析"
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```
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#### 工具整合配置
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```json
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{
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"jira_integration": {
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"commit_message_format": "JIRA-123: commit message",
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"branch_naming": "feature/JIRA-123-description",
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"pr_title_format": "[JIRA-123] PR title",
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"auto_transition": "commit觸發狀態轉換"
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},
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"slack_notifications": {
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"pr_created": "#dev-team",
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"pr_approved": "#dev-team",
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"deployment_success": "#general",
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"build_failure": "#dev-alerts",
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"critical_errors": "#dev-alerts"
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},
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"monitoring_alerts": {
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"error_rate_threshold": "5% in 5 minutes",
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"response_time_threshold": "500ms average",
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"downtime_alert": "immediate",
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"deployment_monitoring": "30 minutes post-deploy"
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}
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}
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```
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### 會議和溝通規範
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#### 定期會議安排
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```markdown
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## 團隊會議時程表
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### 每日會議
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- **每日站會**: 早上 9:30-9:45 (15分鐘)
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- 地點: 會議室 / Zoom
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- 參與者: 全體開發團隊
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- 目的: 同步進度、識別障礙
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### 週會議
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- **技術分享會**: 週五 15:00-16:00 (1小時)
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- 地點: 會議室
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- 參與者: 技術團隊
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- 目的: 技術交流、最佳實踐分享
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### 雙週會議
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- **Sprint計劃會**: Sprint開始第一天 9:00-13:00 (4小時)
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- **Sprint檢討會**: Sprint最後一天 14:00-15:00 (1小時)
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- **Sprint回顧會**: Sprint最後一天 15:00-16:00 (1小時)
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### 月會議
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- **架構審查會**: 每月第一個週三 14:00-16:00 (2小時)
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- **產品路線圖會**: 每月最後一個週五 10:00-12:00 (2小時)
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```
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#### 有效會議原則
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```markdown
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## 會議最佳實踐
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### 會議前準備
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- [ ] 明確會議目的和議程
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- [ ] 提前分享相關資料
|
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- [ ] 確認必要參與者
|
||
- [ ] 準備會議室和設備
|
||
|
||
### 會議進行
|
||
- [ ] 準時開始和結束
|
||
- [ ] 專注議程不偏題
|
||
- [ ] 記錄決議和行動項目
|
||
- [ ] 確保每個人都有發言機會
|
||
|
||
### 會議後續
|
||
- [ ] 24小時內分享會議記錄
|
||
- [ ] 追蹤行動項目執行
|
||
- [ ] 更新相關文檔和票證
|
||
- [ ] 安排必要的後續會議
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 知識管理和文檔
|
||
|
||
### 技術文檔管理
|
||
|
||
#### 文檔類型和負責人
|
||
```yaml
|
||
documentation_types:
|
||
api_documentation:
|
||
owner: "後端開發負責人"
|
||
tools: "Swagger/OpenAPI, Postman"
|
||
update_frequency: "每個Sprint"
|
||
|
||
architecture_documentation:
|
||
owner: "技術架構師"
|
||
tools: "Confluence/Notion, Draw.io"
|
||
update_frequency: "重大變更時"
|
||
|
||
user_guides:
|
||
owner: "產品經理"
|
||
tools: "Confluence/Notion"
|
||
update_frequency: "功能發布時"
|
||
|
||
runbooks:
|
||
owner: "DevOps工程師"
|
||
tools: "Confluence/Notion"
|
||
update_frequency: "部署流程變更時"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 文檔審查和維護
|
||
```markdown
|
||
## 文檔生命週期管理
|
||
|
||
### 創建階段
|
||
- [ ] 確定文檔類型和模板
|
||
- [ ] 指派文檔負責人
|
||
- [ ] 設定審查時程
|
||
- [ ] 建立版本控制
|
||
|
||
### 審查階段
|
||
- [ ] 技術準確性審查
|
||
- [ ] 可讀性和結構檢查
|
||
- [ ] 範例和代碼驗證
|
||
- [ ] 相關人員簽字確認
|
||
|
||
### 維護階段
|
||
- [ ] 定期內容更新
|
||
- [ ] 過時資訊清理
|
||
- [ ] 用戶回饋整合
|
||
- [ ] 存取權限管理
|
||
|
||
### 退役階段
|
||
- [ ] 標記過時文檔
|
||
- [ ] 建立重導向連結
|
||
- [ ] 通知相關使用者
|
||
- [ ] 歸檔或刪除處理
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 知識分享機制
|
||
|
||
#### 技術分享會規劃
|
||
```markdown
|
||
## 月度技術分享主題
|
||
|
||
### 技術深度分享
|
||
- React Native效能優化技巧
|
||
- PostgreSQL查詢最佳化實戰
|
||
- OpenAI API整合經驗分享
|
||
- AWS服務架構設計心得
|
||
|
||
### 工具和流程分享
|
||
- Git工作流程最佳實踐
|
||
- 自動化測試策略分享
|
||
- 代碼審查技巧和心得
|
||
- 監控和告警系統應用
|
||
|
||
### 外部學習分享
|
||
- 技術會議參與心得
|
||
- 線上課程學習成果
|
||
- 開源專案貢獻經驗
|
||
- 行業趨勢和新技術調研
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 風險管理和應變
|
||
|
||
### 常見風險識別
|
||
|
||
#### 技術風險管控
|
||
```yaml
|
||
technical_risks:
|
||
dependency_vulnerabilities:
|
||
monitoring: "Dependabot自動掃描"
|
||
response_time: "24小時內評估"
|
||
mitigation: "立即更新或尋找替代方案"
|
||
|
||
performance_degradation:
|
||
monitoring: "持續效能監控"
|
||
threshold: "API回應時間 > 500ms"
|
||
response: "自動告警 + 立即調查"
|
||
|
||
third_party_service_outage:
|
||
monitoring: "服務健康檢查"
|
||
backup_plan: "降級模式或替代服務"
|
||
communication: "用戶通知和狀態頁面更新"
|
||
|
||
data_security_breach:
|
||
monitoring: "安全性掃描和審計"
|
||
response_plan: "安全事件回應流程"
|
||
recovery: "資料恢復和系統加固"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 專案風險應對
|
||
```yaml
|
||
project_risks:
|
||
timeline_delays:
|
||
early_warning: "Sprint燃盡圖異常"
|
||
response: "資源重新分配或範圍調整"
|
||
escalation: "每週向管理層報告"
|
||
|
||
team_capacity_shortage:
|
||
monitoring: "團隊工作負載追蹤"
|
||
response: "外包支援或功能優先級調整"
|
||
prevention: "提前識別關鍵技能需求"
|
||
|
||
quality_issues:
|
||
monitoring: "代碼品質指標和用戶回饋"
|
||
response: "增加測試投入或重構計劃"
|
||
prevention: "強化代碼審查和自動化測試"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 緊急事件處理
|
||
|
||
#### 事件等級分類
|
||
```markdown
|
||
## 事件嚴重程度分級
|
||
|
||
### P0 - 緊急 (Critical)
|
||
- 描述: 服務完全中斷，影響所有用戶
|
||
- 回應時間: 15分鐘內
|
||
- 解決時間: 1小時內
|
||
- 升級: 立即通知管理層
|
||
- 範例: 主要服務完全無法存取
|
||
|
||
### P1 - 高 (High)
|
||
- 描述: 重要功能故障，影響大量用戶
|
||
- 回應時間: 30分鐘內
|
||
- 解決時間: 4小時內
|
||
- 升級: 2小時後升級
|
||
- 範例: 支付系統故障
|
||
|
||
### P2 - 中 (Medium)
|
||
- 描述: 部分功能異常，影響部分用戶
|
||
- 回應時間: 2小時內
|
||
- 解決時間: 24小時內
|
||
- 升級: 標準工作時間處理
|
||
- 範例: 特定功能性能下降
|
||
|
||
### P3 - 低 (Low)
|
||
- 描述: 輕微問題，不影響核心功能
|
||
- 回應時間: 24小時內
|
||
- 解決時間: 一週內
|
||
- 升級: 正常開發週期處理
|
||
- 範例: UI顯示小問題
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 事件處理流程
|
||
```mermaid
|
||
flowchart TD
|
||
A[事件發生] --> B[事件檢測/報告]
|
||
B --> C[事件分級]
|
||
C --> D[組建事件響應團隊]
|
||
D --> E[初步診斷和評估]
|
||
E --> F[實施緊急修復]
|
||
F --> G[驗證修復效果]
|
||
G --> H{問題是否解決?}
|
||
H -->|否| I[深入調查]
|
||
I --> F
|
||
H -->|是| J[事件關閉]
|
||
J --> K[事後檢討會議]
|
||
K --> L[改進措施實施]
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 持續改進機制
|
||
|
||
### 團隊回顧和改進
|
||
|
||
#### Sprint回顧會模板
|
||
```markdown
|
||
## Sprint回顧會議 (Retrospective)
|
||
|
||
### 會議資訊
|
||
- Sprint: Sprint #12
|
||
- 日期: 2024年9月5日
|
||
- 參與者: 全體開發團隊
|
||
- 主持人: Scrum Master
|
||
|
||
### 回顧內容
|
||
|
||
#### 做得好的方面 (Keep)
|
||
- [ ] 項目1: 代碼審查品質提升，bug減少30%
|
||
- [ ] 項目2: 團隊溝通更順暢，每日站會效率提升
|
||
- [ ] 項目3: 自動化測試覆蓋率達到85%
|
||
|
||
#### 需要改進的方面 (Problem)
|
||
- [ ] 問題1: API文檔更新不及時，影響前端開發
|
||
- [ ] 問題2: 測試環境不穩定，影響QA測試進度
|
||
- [ ] 問題3: 技術債務積累，需要專門時間清理
|
||
|
||
#### 改進行動項目 (Try)
|
||
- [ ] 行動1: 建立API文檔自動生成流程 (負責人: 後端Lead)
|
||
- [ ] 行動2: 升級測試環境硬體配置 (負責人: DevOps)
|
||
- [ ] 行動3: 每Sprint分配20%時間處理技術債務 (負責人: 技術Lead)
|
||
|
||
### 下次檢查
|
||
下個Sprint回顧會檢查改進行動的執行情況
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 指標追蹤和改善
|
||
|
||
#### 開發效率指標
|
||
```yaml
|
||
development_metrics:
|
||
velocity_tracking:
|
||
measurement: "每Sprint完成的故事點數"
|
||
target: "穩定在35-45點之間"
|
||
trend: "應該保持穩定或略有增長"
|
||
|
||
cycle_time:
|
||
measurement: "從開發開始到部署完成的時間"
|
||
target: "平均5天以內"
|
||
trend: "持續降低"
|
||
|
||
defect_rate:
|
||
measurement: "生產環境發現的bug數量"
|
||
target: "每Sprint < 3個"
|
||
trend: "持續降低"
|
||
|
||
code_quality:
|
||
test_coverage: "> 80%"
|
||
code_review_participation: "100%"
|
||
technical_debt_ratio: "< 5%"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 改進策略制定
|
||
```markdown
|
||
## 持續改進策略
|
||
|
||
### 月度改進檢討
|
||
- [ ] 收集和分析開發效率指標
|
||
- [ ] 識別瓶頸和改進機會
|
||
- [ ] 制定具體改進行動計劃
|
||
- [ ] 分配責任人和時間表
|
||
|
||
### 季度技術回顧
|
||
- [ ] 評估技術架構和工具選擇
|
||
- [ ] 檢討開發流程和最佳實踐
|
||
- [ ] 規劃技術升級和創新項目
|
||
- [ ] 團隊技能發展規劃
|
||
|
||
### 年度流程優化
|
||
- [ ] 全面檢視開發工作流程
|
||
- [ ] 對比行業最佳實踐
|
||
- [ ] 制定下年度改進路線圖
|
||
- [ ] 投資新工具和技術培訓
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 待完成任務
|
||
|
||
### 立即執行
|
||
1. [ ] 設置專案管理工具 (Jira/Linear) 和工作流程
|
||
2. [ ] 建立Git分支策略和保護規則
|
||
3. [ ] 設置CI/CD pipeline基礎架構
|
||
4. [ ] 制定代碼審查模板和檢查清單
|
||
|
||
### 短期目標 (2週內)
|
||
1. [ ] 完成開發環境標準化設置
|
||
2. [ ] 建立自動化測試框架
|
||
3. [ ] 設置監控和告警系統
|
||
4. [ ] 制定文檔管理規範
|
||
|
||
### 中期目標 (1個月內)
|
||
1. [ ] 建立完整的部署自動化流程
|
||
2. [ ] 設置效能和品質指標監控
|
||
3. [ ] 建立知識分享和培訓機制
|
||
4. [ ] 制定事件回應和處理流程
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
**最後更新**: 2024年9月5日
|
||
**負責人**: Scrum Master / 技術Lead
|
||
**下次檢討**: 每月月末進行流程檢討和優化 |