582 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
582 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# 技術選型決策文檔
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## 概述
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基於 Drama Ling 應用的功能需求、效能要求和團隊技術能力，制定完整的技術棧選型方案。
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## 技術選型原則
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### 決策考量因素
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- [ ] **學習曲線**: 團隊上手難度和開發效率
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- [ ] **生態系統**: 社群支援和第三方套件豐富度
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- [ ] **效能表現**: 應用效能和可擴展性需求
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- [ ] **維護成本**: 長期維護和升級的成本考量
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- [ ] **團隊熟悉度**: 現有團隊的技術背景和經驗
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### 架構設計原則
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- [ ] **微服務架構**: 依功能模組拆分服務，便於擴展和維護
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- [ ] **前後端分離**: API優先設計，支援多平台客戶端
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- [ ] **雲原生設計**: 充分利用雲端服務，提高可靠性和擴展性
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- [ ] **容器化部署**: 使用Docker進行一致性部署
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- [ ] **持續集成**: 自動化測試和部署流程
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## 前端技術棧
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### 移動應用開發
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#### Flutter (選定方案)
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**選擇理由:**
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- [ ] **跨平台優勢**: 一套Dart代碼支援iOS和Android
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- [ ] **原生效能**: 直接編譯為原生代碼，效能優異
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- [ ] **UI一致性**: 統一的Material Design和Cupertino風格
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- [ ] **熱重載**: 快速開發和調試體驗
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- [ ] **Google支持**: 持續更新和長期支援保證
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**技術組合:**
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```yaml
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framework: "Flutter 3.16+"
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language: "Dart 3.0+"
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state_management: "Riverpod / BLoC"
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navigation: "Go Router"
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local_storage: "Hive / Isar"
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networking: "Dio + Retrofit"
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ui_components: "Material 3 + Custom Components"
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animations: "Flutter Animations API"
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audio_handling: "Just Audio / Audio Players"
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testing: "Flutter Test + Integration Test"
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build_runner: "Build Runner (code generation)"
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```
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**開發優勢:**
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- [ ] **熱重載**: 毫秒級UI更新，提升開發效率
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- [ ] **豐富Widget**: 內建豐富UI組件，快速構建界面
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- [ ] **效能監控**: 內建效能分析工具
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- [ ] **CI/CD友好**: 命令列工具支援自動化建構
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### 網頁應用開發
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#### Next.js (推薦選項)
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**選擇理由:**
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- [ ] **全端框架**: 支援SSR、SSG和API Routes
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- [ ] **效能優化**: 自動代碼分割和圖片最佳化
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- [ ] **SEO友好**: 伺服器端渲染提升SEO表現
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- [ ] **開發體驗**: 熱重載和豐富的開發工具
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- [ ] **部署簡單**: Vercel無縫部署體驗
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**技術組合:**
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```json
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{
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"framework": "Next.js 13+ (App Router)",
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"language": "TypeScript",
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"styling": "Tailwind CSS + Headless UI",
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"state_management": "Zustand / Redux Toolkit",
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"data_fetching": "SWR / TanStack Query",
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"authentication": "NextAuth.js",
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"testing": "Jest + Testing Library",
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"linting": "ESLint + Prettier"
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}
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```
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## 後端技術棧
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### 應用服務框架
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#### .NET Core (選定方案)
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**選擇理由:**
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- [ ] **高效能**: 出色的效能表現，特別適合API服務
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- [ ] **跨平台**: 支援Windows、Linux、macOS部署
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- [ ] **強型別**: C#強型別系統，減少執行時錯誤
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- [ ] **生態成熟**: 豐富的NuGet套件生態系統
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- [ ] **企業級**: 微軟支援，適合長期維護
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**技術組合:**
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```yaml
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framework: ".NET 8"
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language: "C# 12"
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web_framework: "ASP.NET Core Web API"
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orm: "Entity Framework Core"
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authentication: "ASP.NET Core Identity + JWT"
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validation: "FluentValidation"
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documentation: "Swagger/OpenAPI (Swashbuckle)"
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testing: "xUnit + Moq + FluentAssertions"
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dependency_injection: "內建DI Container"
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logging: "ILogger + Serilog"
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caching: "IMemoryCache + Redis"
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background_services: "Hosted Services + Hangfire"
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```
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**架構優勢:**
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- [ ] **內建DI**: 強大的依賴注入容器
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- [ ] **中介軟體**: 靈活的請求處理管道
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- [ ] **配置系統**: 強大的配置管理機制
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- [ ] **健康檢查**: 內建服務健康檢查
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- [ ] **API版本控制**: 原生支援API版本管理
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#### 替代方案比較
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**Node.js + Express/Fastify**
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- 優點: JavaScript生態豐富，快速開發
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- 缺點: 弱型別，大型專案維護困難
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**Python + FastAPI**
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- 優點: AI/ML整合容易，自動API文檔
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- 缺點: 效能相對較低，GIL限制
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### 資料庫選型
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#### PostgreSQL 15+ (主資料庫)
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**選擇理由:**
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- [ ] **功能完整**: 支援JSON、全文檢索、空間資料
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- [ ] **ACID保證**: 強一致性保證資料完整性
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- [ ] **擴展性**: 支援水平和垂直擴展
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- [ ] **開源免費**: 無授權費用，社群支援強
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- [ ] **生態豐富**: 大量擴展套件和工具
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**配置:**
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```yaml
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postgresql:
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version: "15.4"
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extensions:
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- pg_trgm # 模糊搜尋
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- pg_stat_statements # 效能監控
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- pgcrypto # 加密功能
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connection_pooling: "PgBouncer"
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backup_strategy: "WAL-E / pgBackRest"
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```
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#### Redis 7+ (快取和會話)
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**用途:**
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- [ ] **應用快取**: API回應和查詢結果快取
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- [ ] **會話存儲**: 用戶會話和JWT黑名單
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- [ ] **排行榜**: 即時排行榜計算和存儲
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- [ ] **任務佇列**: 背景任務處理
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- [ ] **即時通訊**: WebSocket會話管理
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## AI和機器學習服務
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### AI服務整合策略
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#### OpenAI GPT-4 (主要AI服務)
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**應用場景:**
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- [ ] **對話分析**: 語法、語意、流暢度評分
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- [ ] **內容生成**: 對話建議和回覆範例
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- [ ] **錯誤訂正**: 語言錯誤檢測和修正建議
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- [ ] **個人化推薦**: 學習內容推薦
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**技術整合:**
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```javascript
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{
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"provider": "OpenAI",
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"models": {
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"dialogue_analysis": "gpt-4-turbo",
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"content_generation": "gpt-3.5-turbo",
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"embedding": "text-embedding-ada-002"
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},
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"backup_provider": "Anthropic Claude-3",
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"rate_limiting": "tiktoken + custom limiter",
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"cost_optimization": "caching + prompt optimization"
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}
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```
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#### 語音處理服務
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**語音轉文字 (STT):**
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- 主選: Google Cloud Speech-to-Text
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- 備選: Azure Speech Services
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- 考量: 多語言支援、準確度、成本
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**文字轉語音 (TTS):**
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- 主選: ElevenLabs (自然度高)
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- 備選: Google Cloud Text-to-Speech
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- 考量: 語音品質、語言支援、API穩定性
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### 本地化AI考量
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```python
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# 未來可考慮的本地模型
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local_models = {
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"grammar_checking": "LanguageTool API",
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"pronunciation_scoring": "SpeechAce API",
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"vocabulary_difficulty": "Custom trained model",
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"content_classification": "Hugging Face Transformers"
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}
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```
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## 雲端服務架構
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### Amazon Web Services (推薦)
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#### 核心服務配置
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```yaml
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# 應用服務
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compute:
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api_servers: "ECS Fargate"
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background_jobs: "Lambda Functions"
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load_balancer: "Application Load Balancer"
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# 資料存儲
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storage:
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database: "RDS PostgreSQL Multi-AZ"
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cache: "ElastiCache Redis"
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files: "S3 + CloudFront CDN"
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backups: "S3 Glacier"
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# 網路與安全
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networking:
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vpc: "Custom VPC with private subnets"
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security: "WAF + Shield + GuardDuty"
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ssl: "ACM SSL Certificates"
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# 監控與日誌
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monitoring:
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metrics: "CloudWatch"
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logs: "CloudWatch Logs"
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tracing: "X-Ray"
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alerts: "SNS + CloudWatch Alarms"
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```
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#### 替代方案比較
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**Google Cloud Platform**
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- 優點: AI服務整合佳、BigQuery分析強
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- 缺點: 服務相對較少、台灣資料中心限制
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**Microsoft Azure**
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- 優點: 企業客戶友好、Office整合
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- 缺點: 學習曲線較陡、定價複雜
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### CDN和媒體服務
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#### CloudFront + S3
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**媒體檔案處理:**
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- [ ] **音頻檔案**: 對話範例、發音示範
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- [ ] **圖片資源**: 場景圖片、用戶頭像
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- [ ] **影片內容**: 教學影片、文化介紹
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- [ ] **靜態資源**: CSS、JavaScript、字體檔案
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**優化策略:**
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```yaml
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cdn_config:
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cache_behaviors:
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- path: "/api/*"
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cache_policy: "CachingDisabled"
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- path: "/assets/*"
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cache_policy: "CachingOptimized"
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compress: true
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security:
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- origin_access_identity: true
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- signed_urls: true # 付費內容保護
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```
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## 開發工具鏈
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### 版本控制和CI/CD
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#### GitHub + GitHub Actions
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**工作流程:**
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```yaml
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# .github/workflows/main.yml
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name: CI/CD Pipeline
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on: [push, pull_request]
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jobs:
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test:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v3
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- uses: actions/setup-node@v3
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- run: npm ci
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- run: npm run test
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- run: npm run lint
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deploy:
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if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
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needs: test
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- name: Deploy to AWS
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run: |
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# 部署邏輯
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```
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### 監控和日誌
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#### 應用監控堆疊
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```yaml
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monitoring_stack:
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apm: "New Relic / Datadog"
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error_tracking: "Sentry"
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uptime_monitoring: "Pingdom / StatusCake"
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log_aggregation: "ELK Stack / Fluentd"
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metrics: "Prometheus + Grafana (自建)"
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```
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#### 關鍵指標追蹤
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- [ ] **API效能**: 回應時間、吞吐量、錯誤率
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- [ ] **用戶體驗**: 頁面載入時間、應用崩潰率
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- [ ] **業務指標**: 活躍用戶、學習完成率、付費轉換
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- [ ] **基礎設施**: CPU、記憶體、網路、磁碟使用率
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### 安全性工具
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#### 安全掃描和檢測
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```yaml
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security_tools:
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dependency_scanning: "Snyk / GitHub Dependabot"
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code_scanning: "SonarQube / CodeQL"
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container_scanning: "Trivy / Clair"
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secret_detection: "GitGuardian / TruffleHog"
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penetration_testing: "OWASP ZAP"
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```
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## 第三方服務整合
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### 支付服務
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#### Stripe (國際用戶)
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```javascript
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const stripe_config = {
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subscription_management: "Stripe Billing",
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payment_methods: ["card", "apple_pay", "google_pay"],
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webhooks: "subscription lifecycle events",
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fraud_detection: "Stripe Radar",
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local_payment_methods: {
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"taiwan": ["card", "bank_transfer"],
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"global": ["card", "digital_wallets"]
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}
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}
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```
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#### 藍新金流 (台灣用戶)
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- 信用卡收單
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- ATM轉帳
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- 超商代碼繳費
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- LINE Pay / 街口支付
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### 推播通知服務
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#### Firebase Cloud Messaging
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```yaml
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push_notifications:
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service: "Firebase Cloud Messaging"
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features:
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- cross_platform: true
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- topic_based: true # 學習提醒、系統公告
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- personalized: true # 個人化推薦
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integration:
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- react_native: "@react-native-firebase/messaging"
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- backend: "firebase-admin SDK"
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```
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### 客服系統
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#### Intercom / Zendesk
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- [ ] **即時聊天**: 應用內客服聊天
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- [ ] **幫助中心**: 自助服務文檔
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- [ ] **工單系統**: 問題追蹤和處理
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- [ ] **知識庫**: 常見問題和解答
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## 開發環境配置
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### 本地開發環境
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#### Docker Compose 設定
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```yaml
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# docker-compose.dev.yml
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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postgres:
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image: postgres:15
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environment:
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POSTGRES_DB: dramaling_dev
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POSTGRES_USER: dev
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POSTGRES_PASSWORD: dev123
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ports:
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- "5432:5432"
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redis:
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image: redis:7-alpine
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ports:
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- "6379:6379"
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api:
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build: ./backend
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ports:
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- "3001:3001"
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depends_on:
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- postgres
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- redis
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volumes:
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- ./backend:/app
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```
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### 測試環境
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#### 自動化測試策略
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```yaml
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testing_pyramid:
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unit_tests:
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coverage_target: ">= 80%"
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tools: "Jest + Testing Library"
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integration_tests:
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api_testing: "Supertest + Jest"
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database_testing: "Test Containers"
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e2e_tests:
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mobile: "Detox"
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web: "Cypress / Playwright"
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performance_tests:
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load_testing: "k6"
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stress_testing: "Artillery"
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```
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## 成本估算和優化
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### 基礎設施成本 (月費估算)
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```yaml
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aws_costs:
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compute:
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- ecs_fargate: "$200-500" # 2-4 tasks
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- lambda: "$50-100" # background jobs
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storage:
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- rds_postgresql: "$150-300" # db.r5.large Multi-AZ
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- elasticache_redis: "$100-200" # cache.r6g.large
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- s3_storage: "$50-150" # media files + backups
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networking:
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- cloudfront_cdn: "$20-80" # data transfer
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- load_balancer: "$25" # ALB
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monitoring:
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||
- cloudwatch: "$30-60" # logs + metrics
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||
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total_estimated: "$625-1415/month"
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```
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### 第三方服務成本
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||
```yaml
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third_party_costs:
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openai_api: "$500-2000/month" # based on usage
|
||
stripe_processing: "2.9% + $0.30 per transaction"
|
||
firebase_messaging: "$0 (free tier sufficient initially)"
|
||
monitoring_tools: "$200-500/month"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 成本優化策略
|
||
- [ ] **自動擴縮**: 基於負載自動調整資源
|
||
- [ ] **Spot實例**: 非關鍵服務使用Spot實例
|
||
- [ ] **資料生命週期**: 舊資料自動遷移到便宜存儲
|
||
- [ ] **CDN最佳化**: 壓縮和快取策略降低頻寬成本
|
||
- [ ] **API快取**: 減少AI API調用次數
|
||
|
||
## 效能和擴展性考量
|
||
|
||
### 效能目標
|
||
```yaml
|
||
performance_targets:
|
||
api_response_time:
|
||
p95: "< 200ms"
|
||
p99: "< 500ms"
|
||
|
||
mobile_app:
|
||
cold_start: "< 3s"
|
||
hot_start: "< 1s"
|
||
|
||
web_app:
|
||
first_contentful_paint: "< 1.5s"
|
||
largest_contentful_paint: "< 2.5s"
|
||
|
||
database:
|
||
query_time: "< 50ms (95th percentile)"
|
||
connection_time: "< 10ms"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 擴展策略
|
||
```yaml
|
||
scaling_strategy:
|
||
horizontal_scaling:
|
||
- api_servers: "ECS Auto Scaling"
|
||
- database: "Read Replicas"
|
||
- cache: "Redis Cluster"
|
||
|
||
vertical_scaling:
|
||
- database: "Automated instance sizing"
|
||
- cache: "Memory optimization"
|
||
|
||
geographic_scaling:
|
||
- cdn: "Global edge locations"
|
||
- database: "Regional read replicas"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 實施路徑和里程碑
|
||
|
||
### Phase 1: MVP (3個月)
|
||
- [ ] React Native基礎應用架構
|
||
- [ ] Node.js API服務
|
||
- [ ] PostgreSQL資料庫設計
|
||
- [ ] 基礎AI整合 (OpenAI)
|
||
- [ ] AWS基礎設施設置
|
||
|
||
### Phase 2: 完整功能 (6個月)
|
||
- [ ] 完整遊戲化系統
|
||
- [ ] 支付系統整合
|
||
- [ ] 進階AI功能
|
||
- [ ] 效能優化
|
||
- [ ] 監控和告警系統
|
||
|
||
### Phase 3: 規模化 (9-12個月)
|
||
- [ ] 多語言支援
|
||
- [ ] 企業功能
|
||
- [ ] 高可用架構
|
||
- [ ] 自動化維運
|
||
- [ ] 資料分析平台
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 風險評估與緩解
|
||
|
||
### 技術風險
|
||
| 風險項目 | 機率 | 影響 | 緩解策略 |
|
||
|---------|------|------|----------|
|
||
| AI API成本過高 | 中 | 高 | 實施快取策略、成本監控 |
|
||
| 第三方服務中斷 | 低 | 高 | 多供應商策略、服務降級 |
|
||
| 資料庫效能瓶頸 | 中 | 中 | 讀寫分離、查詢優化 |
|
||
| 移動應用效能 | 中 | 中 | 效能測試、代碼優化 |
|
||
|
||
### 業務風險
|
||
| 風險項目 | 機率 | 影響 | 緩解策略 |
|
||
|---------|------|------|----------|
|
||
| 用戶增長超預期 | 低 | 高 | 自動擴縮、負載測試 |
|
||
| 競爭對手技術領先 | 中 | 中 | 快速迭代、技術創新 |
|
||
| 法規變化影響 | 低 | 中 | 合規審查、架構調整 |
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 待完成任務
|
||
|
||
### 高優先級
|
||
1. [ ] 確定最終技術棧組合和版本號
|
||
2. [ ] 建立開發環境的Docker配置
|
||
3. [ ] 設計CI/CD流程的詳細配置
|
||
4. [ ] 規劃第三方服務的整合時程
|
||
|
||
### 中優先級
|
||
1. [ ] 評估和選擇監控工具的具體方案
|
||
2. [ ] 設計資料庫連接池和快取策略
|
||
3. [ ] 規劃安全性測試和合規性檢查
|
||
4. [ ] 建立效能基準測試和優化流程
|
||
|
||
### 低優先級
|
||
1. [ ] 研究最新技術趨勢對架構的影響
|
||
2. [ ] 評估邊緣計算在AI推理中的應用
|
||
3. [ ] 探索微前端架構的可行性
|
||
4. [ ] 調研區塊鏈技術在學習認證中的應用
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
**最後更新**: 2024年9月5日
|
||
**負責人**: 待分配
|
||
**審查週期**: 每兩週檢討一次 |